PLATO:

Generating Objects from Part Lists via Synthesized Layouts.

Amruta Muthal, Varghese P Kuruvilla, Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla,
International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad

Figure 1. Shows synthesized layouts and corresponding objects generated by PLATO given an object category and a part list. Unlike traditional text-to-image (T2I) approaches, PLATO can generate diverse yet precisely controlled partial objects - e.g. a cat with only front legs visible.

Abstract

Modern generative models often struggle to synthesize structured objects from detailed part specifications. They frequently produce anatomically implausible outputs or hallucinated components. We introduce PLATO, a novel two-stage framework that bridges this gap by enabling precise, part-controlled object generation. The first stage is PLayGen, our novel part layout generator which takes a list of parts and object category as input and synthesizes high fidelity layouts of part bounding boxes. To enhance PLayGen’s ability to learn inter-part relationships, we introduce novel structure-based loss functions. In the second stage, PLayGen’s synthesized layout is used to condition a custom-tuned ControlNet-style adapter, enforcing spatial and connectivity constraints. This results in anatomically consistent, high-fidelity object generations containing precisely the user-specified parts. We further propose new part-level evaluation metrics to rigorously quantify adherence to part specifications. Extensive experiments show that PLATO significantly outperforms state-of-the-art generative models and produces structurally coherent objects in a controllable manner — marking a step forward in modular, part-driven asset generation.

PLATO Demo

Our Pipeline

PLATO’s pipeline: PLayGen (PLATO's layout generator) generates a layout by taking an object and its associated part list as input. The generated layout is transformed into a control image which is fed to a custom tuned ControlNet to generate the final image.

Results

Generations with variable part lists

PLATO is able to correctly resolve left/right upper/lower placement for any given part list.




PLATO's applications

PLATO's generations can be directly added to scenes since it uses an inpainting pipeline for image generation.




Citation


      @inproceedings{10.1145/3746027.3755241,
        author = {Muthal, Amruta and Kuruvilla, Varghese P and Sarvadevabhatla, Ravi Kiran},
        title = {PLATO: Generating Objects from Part Lists via Synthesized Layouts},
        year = {2025},
        isbn = {9798400720352},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3746027.3755241},
        doi = {10.1145/3746027.3755241},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia},
        pages = {9940–9949},
        numpages = {10},
        keywords = {gcnvae, object generation, part layout generation},
        location = {Dublin, Ireland},
        series = {MM '25}
        }

Acknowledgement

This website is adapted from Nerfies and X-Decoder, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.